Thrombosis and embolism in patients with chronic kidney disease


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/nephrology.2023.2.88-95

Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Sabirov I.S., Satkynalieva Z.T., Yusupov F.A.

1) I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 2) SEI HPE Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the first President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; 3) FSAEI HE First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; 4) Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
Currently, chronic kidney disease makes a significant contribution to the general structure of the incidence of the population. The presence of chronic kidney disease several times increases the risk of vascular complications. Thromboembolic complications are one of the most common causes of death from vascular diseases. Chronic kidney disease increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis as a risk factor for pulmonary embolism in people with end-stage renal disease. The coagulation cascade is a complex process involving platelets, endothelial cells, and coagulation factors. In clinical practice, patients with end-stage renal disease often have a tendency to bleed, but thrombotic events such as arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and deep vein thrombosis have also been noted. In nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy, venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and renal veins is common. An important role in the occurrence of thrombosis in nephrotic syndrome is played by antithrombin III, which is synthesized mainly in the vascular endothelium, liver and lung tissue. In patients with thrombosis, the recovery of antithrombin III activity is reduced. Factors contributing to the development of thrombosis and embolism in chronic kidney disease are nephrotic proteinuria, decreased levels of albumin, antithrombin III, blood protein C, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. An increase in the concentration of homocysteine, C-reactive protein and blood fibrinogen makes an additional contribution to the formation of thromboembolic complications in patients with chronic kidney disease. The review article provides an overview of clinical trials aimed at analyzing risk factors for the development of thrombosis and embolism in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Keywords: thrombus, antithrombin III, nephrotic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, embolism
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About the Autors

Ilkhom T. Murkamilov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor at the Department of Faculty Therapy, I.K. Akhunbaev KSMA, Associate Professor at the Department
of Therapy No.2, KRSU named after B.N. Yeltsin. Address: Kyrgyzstan, 72002092 Bishkek, Akhunbaev str.; e-mail: murkamilov.i@mail.ru. ORCID: org/0000-0001-8513-9279.
Viktor V. Fomin – Corresponding Member of RAS, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 1, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vice-Rector for Innovation and Clinical Activities, Sechenov University. Address: 119991 Moscow, 2 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str.; e-mail: fomin_vic@mail.ru.
ORCID: org/0000- 0002-2682-4417.
Ibragim S. Sabirov – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Therapy No. 2 of the Medical Faculty, KRSU named after B.N. Yeltsin.
Address: Kyrgyzstan, 720022 Bishkek, 44 Kiev str.; e-mail: sabirov_is@mail.ru. ORCID: org/0000-0002-8387-5800.
Satkynalieva Zina Tutanovna – Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor of the Department of Faculty Therapy of the I.K. Akhunbayev KSMA, Address: Kyrgyzstan,
720020 Bishkek, 92 Akhunbayev str. ORCID: org/0000-0002-1019-8562.
Furkat A. Yusupov – Dr.Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry of the Medical Faculty, Osh State University,
Chief Neurologist of the Southern Region of Kyrgyzstan. Address: Kyrgyzstan, 714000 Osh, 331 Lenin str.; e-mail: furcat_y@mail.ru. ORCID: org/0000-0003-0632-6653.


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